Screen width of at least 320px is required. Screen width can be adjusted by widening your browser window or adjusting your mobile device settings. If you are on a mobile device, you can also try orienting to landscape.

Der Infinitivsatz — Adverbial Phrases with “Zu

aa
AA

I. Theory

In German, the preposition zu operates similarly to the English “to” when used with verbs. This lesson discusses adverbial phrases (a clause that shows how or why an action is performed) that contain zu. In these clauses, zu is found before a verb in the infinitive form.

Wir sollten uns morgen treffen, um das Projekt zu diskutieren.
We should meet tomorrow (in order) to discuss the project.

Sie hat die Dateien gelöscht, ohne jemanden darüber zu informieren.
She deleted the files without telling anyone.

Anstatt eine neue Wohnung zu finden, werde ich bei meinen Eltern wohnen.
Instead of finding a new apartment, I will live with my parents.

II. Adverbial Phrases

In this lesson, we will cover 3 adverbial phrases: um … zu, anstatt … zu, and ohne … zu. As you can see in the examples above, each of three phrases contains a middle field where additional information such as nouns or adverbs can be inserted. Adverbial phrases are their own clause and thus are separated from other clauses with a comma.

Um … zu

Um technische Probleme zu vermeiden, habe ich einen zweiten Laptop gekauft.
In order to avoid technical problems, I bought a second laptop.

Hast du ihn angerufen, um ihm zu sagen, dass du morgen nicht kommen kannst?
Did you call him to say that you can’t come tomorrow?

Anstatt ... zu

Note: this often equates to the gerund (-ing form) of the verb in English.

Anstatt ganztags im Büro zu arbeiten, kann man Freiberufler werden.
Instead of working in an office full-time, you can be a freelancer.

Wir fliegen im Sommer nach Ägypten, anstatt nach Island zu reisen.
We are going to Egypt this summer, instead of travelling to Iceland.

Ohne … zu

Note: this also often equates to the gerund (-ing form) of the verb in English.

Man kann nicht ins Ausland reisen, ohne einen Reisepass zu haben.
You can’t travel abroad without having a passport.

Ich kann dir kein Geschenk kaufen, ohne zu wissen, was du willst.
I can’t buy you a present without knowing what you want.

Continue the conversation

Go further and experience the full content — and understand how German is actually used.

Continue

Already have access? Log in.